espresso pre-infusion explained
https://wiki-canyon.win/index.php/Espresso_Channeling_Prevention:_A_Practical_Guide_for_Home_Baristas
Pre-infusion is that brief pause when water first hits the espresso puck, wetting the coffee grounds before full pressure kicks in. It helps ensure an even extraction by letting the coffee bloom and expand, preventing channeling. Many home machines skip this step, but adding a few seconds of low-pressure soak can dramatically improve flavor and body.